Sometime I have the necessity to install a Centos 7 system with the Desktop.
A lot of times happened that I have only the CentOS 7 minimal ISO image available on my PC.
Instead of downloading the Desktop ISO I wants to show you how to proceed with the minimal ISO installation and then install the desktop with yum.
After the system is up and running with the minimal installation, login into SSH to the system with your username (in this case “user”) or login with root user
I gonna install Gnome Desktop with yum (-y will reply automatically ‘yes’ to yum)
yum groupinstall 'GNOME Desktop' -y
I want also to automatically start the desktop manager when I power on the system. To set default target in systemctl to ‘graphical.target’ and I can do that with:
I bought a new set of disk for my HP Microserver Gen10, 2x 10Tb WD HDD, after setting them in RAID 1, I had the necessity migrate the currently running Virtual Machines without creating downtimes, loosing data and of course not waste much time to perform this migration.
Lucky for me I have setup the Microserver Gen10 with LVM this will simplify a lot the procedure that I gonna explain to you below.
First of all I have initialized the physical volume with the command:
pvcreate /dev/sdc
After this I have extended my logical volume called “vms” with vgexent command:
vgextend vms /dev/sdc
After that I started the migration of all Logical Volume from physical volume /dev/sdb to the new physical volume /dev/sdc:
pvmove -b /dev/sdb /dev/sdc
I started then to monitor the progress of the migration with:
progress lvs -a -o+devices
When migration finished I removed the disk from the volume group and then removed the LVM signature from the disk:
vgreduce vms /dev/sdb
pvremove /dev/sdb
That’s it! Now you can remove the HDD/HDDs from the system, hope this guide have helped you.
In my house I have an HP Microserver Gen 10, I use it as NAS and hypervisor for a few virtual machines.
Since I need a reliable system I have decided to implement a RAID 1 (2x 3TB HDD) and use an external 3TB for backups.
Yes, if you where asking why backups, the answer is pretty simple, RAID doesn’t substitute backups.
I had three option:
Microserver RAID (Marvell SATA controller 88SE9230)
Linux software RAID
Add an additional PCI Express RAID card
Why I have chosen the third option?
I have decided to use an additional RAID card because for the Marvell SATA controller RAID I have see a lot of discussion about weird issues (ex: RAID no more recognized after a poweroff and power on).
Plus I have tested it and it didn’t recognized a failure on one of the HDD and the Marvell Utility on Linux is a crap so I have discarded it.
I have also discarded Linux software RAID for performance issue, sometimes it use a lot of I/O.
On the Microserver there are only two core (It’s an AMD Opteron X3216 APU) so the server will became busy only for handle read/write operations.
So in the end I have chosen a Dell PERC H200 RAID card (it’s an LSI 9240-8i PCI SAS/SATA) because it’s a good and also cheapest RAID on the market.
Plus it works (only in BIOS mode) and fit perfectly on the Microserver (only the connector for the discs is not easy to fit).
By taking a look on various forums (in particular this on homeservershow.com) they suggest the LSI 92XX series.
Firmware upgrade
Now let’s stop talking and let’s start with the facts.
The PERC H200 card that I’ve bought come with a very old firmware version (2010 I think it’s the first release) and it doesn’t support HDD major than 2 TB, only the recent firmware will support them.
On the web there are lot of tutorial for convert this card from Dell brand to original LSI firmware. (LSI9211-IT or LSI9211-IR here an explaination about the two modes)
Since Dell provide an official firmware we are gonna use it.
Step 1 – Get the firmware
Go on the Dell website and downlod the Linux version of the firmware for the PERC H200 (https://www.dell.com/support/home/it/it/itdhs1/drivers/driversdetails?driverid=nx9t4).
For flash the firmware LSI provide a tool called sas2flash.
Since we are gonna flash the original Dell firmware we can flash directly from Linux OS (Centos 7 in my case) without creating a bootable MSDOS USB Stick.
I have downloaded the sas2flash utility for linux from this link let’s download and extract the content from the zip
Now we are ready to flash the RAID card, go inside the firmware-upgrade folder and run this command in order to list all available LSI RAID controller on the system
[[email protected] firmware-upgrade]# ./sas2flash -listall
LSI Corporation SAS2 Flash Utility
Version 12.00.00.00 (2011.11.08)
Copyright (c) 2008-2011 LSI Corporation. All rights reserved
Adapter Selected is a LSI SAS: SAS2008(B2)
Num Ctlr FW Ver NVDATA x86-BIOS PCI Addr
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 SAS2008(B2) 07.15.08.00 07.00.00.19 07.11.10.00 00:03:00:00
Finished Processing Commands Successfully.
Exiting SAS2Flash.
As you can see the tool detect our card as number 0, let’s print out the detail of this card
[[email protected] firmware-upgrade]# ./sas2flash -c 0 -list
LSI Corporation SAS2 Flash Utility
Version 12.00.00.00 (2011.11.08)
Copyright (c) 2008-2011 LSI Corporation. All rights reserved
Adapter Selected is a LSI SAS: SAS2008(B2)
Controller Number : 0
Controller : SAS2008(B2)
PCI Address : 00:03:00:00
SAS Address : 5782bcb-0-5480-5300
NVDATA Version (Default) : 07.00.00.19
NVDATA Version (Persistent) : 07.00.00.19
Firmware Product ID : 0x2713
Firmware Version : 07.15.08.00
NVDATA Vendor : Dell
NVDATA Product ID : H200A
BIOS Version : 07.11.10.00
UEFI BSD Version : 07.00.01.00
FCODE Version : N/A
Board Name : PERC H200A
Board Assembly : N/A
Board Tracer Number : N/A
Finished Processing Commands Successfully.
Exiting SAS2Flash.
In my case the output is alredy after a firmware flash but before do the flash note down the following data: NVDATA, Firmware Version and BIOS Version.
Run now the following command for start the firmware flash. We flash the firmware (-f parameter and the boot rom – b parameter):
Flash command
[[email protected] firmware-upgrade]# ./sas2flash -o -f H200A.FW -b mptsas2.rom
LSI Corporation SAS2 Flash Utility
Version 12.00.00.00 (2011.11.08)
Copyright (c) 2008-2011 LSI Corporation. All rights reserved
Advanced Mode Set
Adapter Selected is a LSI SAS: SAS2008(B2)
Executing Operation: Flash Firmware Image
Firmware Image has a Valid Checksum.
Firmware Image compatible with Controller.
Valid NVDATA Image found.
NVDATA Device ID and Chip Revision match verified.
NVDATA Versions Compatible.
Valid Initialization Image verified.
Valid BootLoader Image verified.
Beginning Firmware Download...
Firmware Download Successful.
Verifying Download...
Firmware Flash Successful.
Resetting Adapter...
Adapter Successfully Reset.
Executing Operation: Flash BIOS Image
Validating BIOS Image...
BIOS Header Signature is Valid
BIOS Image has a Valid Checksum.
BIOS PCI Structure Signature Valid.
BIOS Image Compatible with the SAS Controller.
Attempting to Flash BIOS Image...
Verifying Download...
Flash BIOS Image Successful.
Updated BIOS Version in BIOS Page 3.
Finished Processing Commands Successfully.
Exiting SAS2Flash.
That’s it! If the flash gone ok you can reboot the system and enjoy the new firmware for disks > 2TB
Step 4 – RAID tools and smartctl (optional)
For this RAID card you cannot use MegaRAID tools. You need for the Fusion-MPT SAS-2 cards a tool called sas2ircu.
This tool on Centos 7 is provided by nux.ro you can download and install it with these commands:
Now you can check the RAID status with this command:
View RAID Status
[[email protected] ~]# sas2ircu 0 DISPLAY
LSI Corporation SAS2 IR Configuration Utility.
Version 15.00.00.00 (2012.11.08)
Copyright (c) 2009-2012 LSI Corporation. All rights reserved.
Read configuration has been initiated for controller 0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Controller information
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Controller type : SAS2008
BIOS version : 7.11.10.00
Firmware version : 7.15.08.00
Channel description : 1 Serial Attached SCSI
Initiator ID : 0
Maximum physical devices : 39
Concurrent commands supported : 2607
Slot : 1
Segment : 0
Bus : 3
Device : 0
Function : 0
RAID Support : Yes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
IR Volume information
------------------------------------------------------------------------
IR volume 1
Volume ID : 79
Status of volume : Okay (OKY)
Volume wwid : 0926a6d5d71ba999
RAID level : RAID1
Size (in MB) : 2861056
Physical hard disks :
PHY[0] Enclosure#/Slot# : 1:0
PHY[1] Enclosure#/Slot# : 1:1
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Physical device information
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Initiator at ID #0
Device is a Hard disk
Enclosure # : 1
Slot # : 0
SAS Address : 4433221-1-0700-0000
State : Optimal (OPT)
Size (in MB)/(in sectors) : 2861588/5860533167
Manufacturer : ATA
Model Number : WDC WD30EFRX-68N
Firmware Revision : 0A82
Serial No : WDW
GUID : 50014ee2ba25624c
Protocol : SATA
Drive Type : SATA_HDD
Device is a Hard disk
Enclosure # : 1
Slot # : 1
SAS Address : 4433221-1-0600-0000
State : Optimal (OPT)
Size (in MB)/(in sectors) : 2861588/5860533167
Manufacturer : ATA
Model Number : WDC WD30EFRX-68N
Firmware Revision : 0A82
Serial No : WDW
GUID : 50014ee264d045a4
Protocol : SATA
Drive Type : SATA_HDD
Device is a Hard disk
Enclosure # : 1
Slot # : 2
SAS Address : 4433221-1-0500-0000
State : Ready (RDY)
Size (in MB)/(in sectors) : 2861588/5860533167
Manufacturer : ATA
Model Number : WDC WD30EFRX-68E
Firmware Revision : 0A82
Serial No : WDW
GUID : 50014ee2bb84764b
Protocol : SATA
Drive Type : SATA_HDD
Device is a Hard disk
Enclosure # : 1
Slot # : 3
SAS Address : 4433221-1-0400-0000
State : Ready (RDY)
Size (in MB)/(in sectors) : 2861588/5860533167
Manufacturer : ATA
Model Number : WDC WD30EFRX-68E
Firmware Revision : 0A82
Serial No : WDW
GUID : 50014ee20fc049ff
Protocol : SATA
Drive Type : SATA_HDD
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Enclosure information
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Enclosure# : 1
Logical ID : 5782bcb0:54805300
Numslots : 8
StartSlot : 0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SAS2IRCU: Command DISPLAY Completed Successfully.
SAS2IRCU: Utility Completed Successfully.
[[email protected] ~]#
If you need or need to run smartmontools on each disk normally you cannot with a RAID card but there is a trick.
You just need only to load the sg kernel module (Linux SCSI Generic driver) and then you where able to use smartctl.
[[email protected] ~]# modprobe sg
[[email protected] ~]# smartctl -a /dev/sg2
smartctl 6.5 2016-05-07 r4318 [x86_64-linux-3.10.0-957.27.2.el7.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Western Digital Red
Device Model: WDC WD30EFRX-68N32N0
Serial Number: WD-WCC
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 2ba25624c
Firmware Version: 82.00A82
User Capacity: 3,000,592,982,016 bytes [3.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Form Factor: 3.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-3 T13/2161-D revision 5
SATA Version is: SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Wed Aug 14 15:31:56 2019 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
To always load the module at boot you need to create a file under /etc/modules-load.d/ folder for ex. raid-smart.conf and inside the file write sg